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The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ ˈ ɡ w ɛ l f s ... ˈ ɡ ɪ b ɪ l aɪ n z / GWELFS... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-l iː n z,-l ɪ n z /-eenz, -inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni,-fj e-]) were factions supporting respectively the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 January 2025. War between two Italian city states (Bologna and Modena) in 1325 War of the Bucket Part of the second phase of the Guelphs–Ghibellines power struggle Date 1325 Location Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy Result Modenese Victory Belligerents Bologna (Guelph) Modena (Ghibelline) Commanders ...
The Guelphs and Ghibellines were rival factions that nominally sided with the Papacy or the Holy Roman Empire, respectively, in Italy in the 12th and 13th centuries. [11]In the mid-13th century, the Guelphs held sway in Florence while the Ghibellines controlled Siena.
The Ghibellines resumed power and undid many of the advances of the Guelphs, for example the demolition of hundreds of towers, homes, and palaces. The fragility of their rule caused the Ghibellines to seek out an arbitrator in the form of Pope Clement IV , who openly favoured the Guelphs, and restored them to power.
This page was last edited on 9 February 2019, at 12:19 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
After the battle of Montaperti where Siena, a Ghibelline city, defeated Guelph Florence on 4 September 1260, Colle Val d'Elsa found itself in the Guelph camp. Indeed, Colle had ended up as a center for many former citizens of Siena who, finding themselves on the wrong (Guelph) side, had been persecuted and driven into exile by Siena's dominant Ghibelline party.
The Guelph army threatened the Ghibelline city of Modena and therefore the Modenese had requested help from Enzio of Sardinia, who was then imperial vicar in northern Italy, and resided at Cremona. Enzio organised a massive army of 15,000 men, composed of Imperial Germans and Lombard Ghibellines from Cremona and Modena.
Corso and the Black Guelphs petitioned Pope Boniface VIII for aid, and returned to Florence with Charles of Valois in November 1301, killing or exiling many White Guelphs. One of the exiled was the famous poet Dante Alighieri , who by marrying Gemma Donati had become a distant relative of Corso.