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The nasolabial folds, commonly known as "smile lines" [1] or "laugh lines", [2] [self-published source] are facial features. They are the two skin folds that run from each side of the nose to the corners of the mouth. They are defined by facial structures that support the buccal fat pad. [3] They separate the cheeks from the upper lip.
The symptoms include poor balance and difficulty walking. Chronic cough and difficulty swallowing may also be present. Clinical findings include ataxia, sensory neuropathy, and absence of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. The syndrome was initially described in 2004. [1] In 2019, the cause was identified as biallelic pentanucleotide expansion in the ...
Adenoma sebaceum, also known as facial angiofibroma is a misnamed cutaneous disorder consisting of angiofibromas that begin in childhood (generally present between 2–5 years of age) and appear clinically as red papules on the face especially on the nasolabial folds, cheek and chin, [1]: 195 often misidentified as acne not responding to treatment.
The rate of disease progression is extremely variable with survival ranging from 14 months to 46 years. Of those who died from FOSMN, the mean duration of disease was 7.5 years. [ 6 ] Cranial nerve (bulbar) weakness is a common causes of death in those with FOSM, with aspiration pneumonia or respiratory failure commonly leading to death.
Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural demyelinating lesion; and is more common in children. [56] [57] Solitary sclerosis: This variant was proposed (2012) by Mayo Clinic researchers. [58] though it was also reported by other groups more or less at the same time.
Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is a form of recurrent optic neuritis that is steroid responsive and dependent. [1] Patients typically present with pain associated with visual loss. [1] CRION is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion, and other demyelinating, autoimmune, and systemic causes should be ruled out. [3]
As reported by Dispenzieri et al. [4] Mayo Clinic treatment regimens are tailored to treat the clinical manifestations and prognosis for the rate of progression of the POEMS syndrome in each patient. In rare cases, patients may have minimal or no symptoms at presentation or after successful treatment of their disorder.
Many health conditions can cause autonomic neuropathy. Some common causes of autonomic neuropathy include: Diabetes, which is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy, can gradually cause nerve damage throughout the body. Injury to nerves caused by surgery or radiation to the neck. Treatment with certain medications, including some drugs ...