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Intraductal papillomas of the breast are benign lesions with an incidence of approximately 2-3% in humans. [1] They result from abnormal proliferation of the epithelial cells lining the breast ducts. [2] Two types of intraductal papillomas are generally distinguished. The central type develops near the nipple.
Florid cutaneous papillomatosis (FCP) is an obligate paraneoplastic syndrome. FCP begins as the sudden onset of numerous cutaneous papillomas that are clinically indistinguishable from viral warts. The papillomas range from 1 to 3 mm in diameter may spread to involve the entire body, including the face.
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a type of tumor that can occur within the cells of the pancreatic duct. IPMN tumors produce mucus, [1] and this mucus can form pancreatic cysts. [2] Although intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms are benign tumors, they can progress to pancreatic cancer. [1]
A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) (papillo-+ -oma) is a benign epithelial tumor [1] growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple).
The microscopic appearance of a nipple adenoma can be mistaken for carcinoma. [1] Other conditions that have similar symptoms and signs as nipple adenoma include Paget's disease of the breast, other intraductal papillomas, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), syringomatous adenoma of the nipple and subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia.
The diagnosis of PB may be suggested in individuals with the clinical presentation of PB plus the presence of a family history of mammary secretory carcinomas, lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type, [4] [5] [14] Cowden disease, Noonan syndrome, Proteus syndrome, or neurofibromatosis type 1.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises approximately 10-15% of all kidney neoplasms. [1] Based on its morphological features, PRCC can be classified into two main subtypes, which are type 1 and type 2 (eosinophilic). [2]
223 Benign neoplasm of kidney and other urinary organs; 224 Benign neoplasm of eye; 225 Benign neoplasm of brain and other parts of nervous system; 226 Benign neoplasm of thyroid glands; 227 Benign neoplasm of other endocrine glands and related structures; 228 Hemangioma and lymphangioma, any site 228.0 Hemangioma, any site; 228.1 Lymphangioma ...