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The term nitroaniline in chemistry refers to a derivative of aniline (C 6 H 5 NH 2) containing a nitro group (—NO 2) There are three simple nitroanilines of formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2)(NO 2) which differ only in the position of the nitro group: 2-Nitroaniline; 3-Nitroaniline; 4-Nitroaniline
4-Nitroaniline is produced industrially via the amination of 4-nitrochlorobenzene: [3] ClC 6 H 4 NO 2 + 2 NH 3 → H 2 NC 6 H 4 NO 2 + NH 4 Cl. Below is a laboratory synthesis of 4-nitroaniline from aniline. The key step in this reaction sequence is an electrophilic aromatic substitution to install the nitro group para to the amino group. The ...
Commonly, 2-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with ammonia to generate 2-nitroaniline, whose nitro group is then reduced: [4] ClC 6 H 4 NO 2 + 2 NH 3 → H 2 NC 6 H 4 NO 2 + NH 4 Cl H 2 NC 6 H 4 NO 2 + 3 H 2 → H 2 NC 6 H 4 NH 2 + 2 H 2 O. In the laboratory, the reduction of the nitroaniline is effected with zinc powder in ethanol, followed by ...
2,6-Dichloro-4-nitroaniline is an organic compound with the formula O 2 NC 6 H 2 Cl 2 NH 2. It is the most widely discussed isomer of dichloronitroaniline, mainly as a precursor to the azo dye disperse brown 1. It is prepared by treatment of 4-nitroaniline with a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide (a source of chlorine). [3] [4]
4-Nitrochlorobenzene is the organic compound with the formula ClC 6 H 4 NO 2. It is a pale yellow solid. 4-Nitrochlorobenzene is a common intermediate in the production of a number of industrially useful compounds, including antioxidants commonly found in rubber. Other isomers with the formula ClC 6 H 4 NO 2 include 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 3 ...
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2-Nitroaniline is prepared commercially by the reaction of 2-nitrochlorobenzene with ammonia: [2] ClC 6 H 4 NO 2 + 2 NH 3 → H 2 NC 6 H 4 NO 2 + NH 4 Cl. Many other methods exist for the synthesis of this compound. Direct nitration of aniline is inefficient since anilinium is produced instead. Nitration of acetanilide gives only traces of 2 ...
H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides.