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Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named; String, a sequence of characters representing text; Union, a datum which may be one of a set of types; Tagged union (also called a variant, discriminated union or sum type), a union with a tag specifying which type the data is
An n-tuple is a tuple of n elements, where n is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, called the empty tuple. A 1-tuple and a 2-tuple are commonly called a singleton and an ordered pair, respectively. The term "infinite tuple" is occasionally used for "infinite sequences".
There are two types of divisions in Python: floor division (or integer division) // and floating-point / division. [103] Python uses the ** operator for exponentiation. Python uses the + operator for string concatenation. Python uses the * operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times.
apply(func, list) — Perl: map block list map expr, list: In block or expr special variable $_ holds each value from list in turn. Helper List::MoreUtils::each_array combines more than one list until the longest one is exhausted, filling the others with undef. PHP: array_map(callable, array) array_map(callable, array1,array2) array_map ...
From the second n-tuple onwards, it is clear that every integer in each n-tuple in a Ducci sequence is greater than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to the difference between the maximum and minimum members of the first n-tuple. As there are only a finite number of possible n-tuples with these constraints, the sequence of n-tuples must ...
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Python aims to be simple and consistent in the design of its syntax, encapsulated in the mantra "There should be one— and preferably only one —obvious way to do it", from the Zen of Python. [ 2 ] This mantra is deliberately opposed to the Perl and Ruby mantra, " there's more than one way to do it ".
(A function of arity n thus has arity n+1 considered as a relation.) In computer programming, there is often a syntactical distinction between operators and functions; syntactical operators usually have arity 1, 2, or 3 (the ternary operator?: is also common). Functions vary widely in the number of arguments, though large numbers can become ...