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  2. Richard Christopher Carrington - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington

    Richard Christopher Carrington (26 May 1826 – 27 November 1875) [2] was an English amateur astronomer whose 1859 astronomical observations demonstrated the existence of solar flares as well as suggesting their electrical influence upon the Earth and its aurorae; and whose 1863 records of sunspot observations revealed the differential rotation of the Sun.

  3. Solar coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_coordinate_systems

    The Carrington heliographic coordinate system, established by Richard C. Carrington in 1863, rotates with the Sun at a fixed rate based on the observed rotation of low-latitude sunspots. It rotates with a sidereal period of exactly 25.38 days, which corresponds to a mean synodic period of 27.2753 days.

  4. Solar rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_rotation

    The "Carrington longitude" of the same feature refers to an arbitrary fixed reference point of an imagined rigid rotation, as defined originally by Richard Christopher Carrington. Carrington determined the solar rotation rate from low latitude sunspots in the 1850s and arrived at 25.38 days for the sidereal rotation period.

  5. Solar observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_observation

    The cause was determined independently in 1858 by Richard C. Carrington and Spörer. They discovered that the latitude with the most sunspots decreases from 40° to 5° during each cycle, and that at higher latitudes sunspots rotate more slowly. The Sun's rotation was thus shown to vary by latitude and that its outer layer must be fluid.

  6. Models of communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models_of_communication

    George Gerbner first published his model in his 1956 paper Toward a General Model of Communication. [129] [130] It is a linear transmission model. It is based on the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model but expands them in various ways. [131] [130] [132] It aims to provide a general account of all forms of communication.

  7. Source–message–channel–receiver model of communication

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source–message–channel...

    The SMCR model is usually described as a linear transmission model of communication. [4] [17] Its main focus is to identify the basic parts of communication and to show how their characteristics shape the communicative process. In this regard, Berlo understands his model as "a model of the ingredients of communication". [24]

  8. Remembering Elwood Edwards: AOL’s Legendary Voice That ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/remembering-elwood-edwards...

    Today, AOL remembers a voice that defined the early internet experience: Elwood Edwards, the man behind the classic “You’ve Got Mail” greeting, died on November 5, 2024, at the age of 74.

  9. Ionospheric storm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionospheric_storm

    The Carrington Event was named after Richard Carrington, an English astronomer who observed the irregular sun activity [5] that occurred during the Carrington Event. The intensity of the storm brought the visibility of the aurora to lower latitudes, and it was reportedly seen in places such as Florida and the Caribbean .