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Trichorrhexis nodosa is a defect in the hair shaft characterized by thickening or weak points (nodes) that cause the hair to break off easily. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] : 636 This group of conditions contributes to the appearance of hair loss , lack of growth, and damaged-looking hair.
Tufted folliculitis presents with doll's hair-like bundling of follicular units, and is seen in a wide range of scarring conditions including chronic staphylococcal infection, chronic lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, Graham-Little syndrome, folliculitis decalvans, acne keloidalis nuchae, immunobullous disorders, and dissecting cellulitis.
Bubble hair is characterized by rows of bubbles seen microscopically within localized areas of the brittle hair. [3] These air-filled spaces occur in the cortex of the hair shaft that correspond to the breakdown of keratin and local air expansion triggered by hot water passing through the shaft. [2] There may be an inherited predisposition. [4]
Monilethrix (also referred to as beaded hair) [1] is a rare autosomal dominant hair disease that results in short, fragile, broken hair that appears beaded. [2] [3] It comes from the Latin word for necklace (monile) and the Greek word for hair (thrix). [4] Hair becomes brittle, and breaks off at the thinner parts between the beads.
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Ichthyosis–brittle hair–impaired intelligence–decreased fertility–short stature syndrome (IBIDS syndrome, sulfur-deficient brittle hair syndrome, Tay's syndrome, trichothiodystrophy, trichothiodystrophy with ichthyosis) Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (ichthyosis exfoliativa)
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Uncombable hair syndrome (UHS) is a rare structural anomaly of the hair with a variable degree of effect. It is characterized by hair that is silvery, dry, frizzy, wiry, and impossible to comb. [4] It was first reported in the early 20th century. [5] It typically becomes apparent between the ages of 3 months and 12 years. [6]