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The pK a values of an amino acid side chain in solution is typically inferred from the pK a values of model compounds (compounds that are similar to the side chains of amino acids). See Amino acid for the pK a values of all amino acid side chains inferred in such a way. There are also numerous experimental studies that have yielded such values ...
The hydroxide ion OH −, a well known base, is here acting as the conjugate base of the acid water. Acids and bases are thus regarded simply as donors and acceptors of protons respectively. A broader definition of acid dissociation includes hydrolysis, in which protons are produced by the splitting of water molecules.
Also, amino acid side chain affinity for water was measured using vapor phases. [14] Vapor phases represent the simplest non polar phases, because it has no interaction with the solute. [18] The hydration potential and its correlation to the appearance of amino acids on the surface of proteins was studied by Wolfenden.
Strong acids, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, have large dissociation constants; weak acids, such as acetic acid, have small dissociation constants. The symbol K a , used for the acid dissociation constant, can lead to confusion with the association constant , and it may be necessary to see the reaction or the equilibrium expression to ...
The polar, uncharged amino acids serine (Ser, S), threonine (Thr, T), asparagine (Asn, N) and glutamine (Gln, Q) readily form hydrogen bonds with water and other amino acids. [32] They do not ionize in normal conditions, a prominent exception being the catalytic serine in serine proteases. This is an example of severe perturbation, and is not ...
For instance, if a stretch of about 20 amino acids shows positive for hydrophobicity, these amino acids may be part of alpha-helix spanning across a lipid bilayer, which is composed of hydrophobic fatty acids. On the converse, amino acids with high hydrophilicity indicate that these residues are in contact with solvent, or water, and that they ...
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Some improvements in the methodology (especially in the determination of the pK values for modified amino acids) have been also proposed. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] More advanced methods take into account the effect of adjacent amino acids ±3 residues away from a charged aspartic or glutamic acid , the effects on free C terminus, as well as they apply a ...