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The siege of Kunduz occurred during the 2001 United States invasion of Afghanistan.After the fall of Mazar-i-Sharif on 9 November, the focus of the Northern Alliance advance shifted towards the city of Kunduz, which was the last remaining Taliban stronghold in northern Afghanistan.
Operation Enduring Freedom referred to the U.S.-led combat mission in Afghanistan. [16] [17] The codename was also used for counter-terrorism operations in other countries targeting Al Qaeda and remnants of the Taliban, such as OEF-Philippines, OEF-Trans Sahara, and possibly in Georgia's Pankisi Gorge, [18] primarily through government funding vehicles.
Though the US officially invaded on 7 October 2001 by launching Operation Enduring Freedom, covert operations had begun several weeks earlier. Fifteen days after the 9/11 attack, the US covertly inserted members of the CIA's Special Activities Division into Afghanistan, forming the Northern Afghanistan Liaison Team. [136]
Marines from Battalion Landing Team 1/1 of the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit raise the first U.S. flag at Camp Rhino during Operation Enduring Freedom, 25 November 2001 Among 1/1's missions in Afghanistan was to assist in securing an airstrip outside Kandahar , Afghanistan and establish Camp Rhino .
Enduring Voices: Oral Histories of the U.S. Army Experience in Afghanistan, 2003-2005 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 9781505855296. Wright, Donald P.; et al. (2009). A Different Kind of War: The United States Army in Operation Enduring Freedom, October 2001-September 2005. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas ...
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2.1 Operation Enduring Freedom I - Combined Joint Task Force Mountain, October 2001 to June 2002 2.2 Operation Enduring Freedom II, June 2002 to January 2003 2.3 Operation Enduring Freedom IV - Combined Joint Task Force 180, July 2003 to May 2004
Camp Rhino was the U.S.-led coalition's first strategic foothold in Afghanistan and made the ground war in Afghanistan possible. While Rhino was being established, fierce battles between Taliban and Northern Alliance troops were still underway near Kandahar.