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A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. [1] If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer. When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or reduction in its function.
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.
This gives a wider and more global view of cancer genetics, while these data are usually dispersed. [3] It includes a large iconography of about 35,000 images. Dan van Dyke said "This is one stop shopping that unifies cancer genetics information", and Lidia Larizza said that the Atlas was an "interdisciplinary resource".
Cancer is a group of diseases where cells multiply uncontrollably. [1] Normally, cells have a built-in process called apoptosis that triggers cell death to prevent excessive growth. However, when these processes are disrupted, cancer can develop. Studies show that cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. [1]
Public policy has protected people against genetic discrimination, defined in Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (2001) as unequal treatment of persons with either known genetic abnormalities or the inherited propensity for disease; genetic discrimination may have a negative effect on employability, insurability and other socio-economic variables.
Replication of DNA in such cells leads to mutations and these mutations may cause cancer. Thus BRCA1 appears to have two roles related to the prevention of cancer, where one role is to promote repair of a specific class of damages and the second role is to induce apoptosis if the level of such DNA damage is beyond the cell's repair capability [69]
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a project to catalogue the genomic alterations responsible for cancer using genome sequencing and bioinformatics. [1] [2] The overarching goal was to apply high-throughput genome analysis techniques to improve the ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer through a better understanding of the genetic basis of the disease.
Several factors are considered to determine whether the benefits outweigh the associated risks and costs of cancer screening. [1] Cancer screening trials have demonstrated only a minimal decline in cancer related deaths, and the evaluation of risks to benefits remains an important in determining the overall effectiveness of the cancer screening ...