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The "First Philippic" was delivered by the Athenian statesman and orator Demosthenes between 351 BC-350 BC. It constitutes the first speech of the prominent politician against Philip II of Macedon . A philippic refers to a type of speech that is negative in tone and one that is comparable to a rant or a tirade.
A philippic (/fɪˈlɪpɪk/) [1] is a fiery, damning speech, or tirade, delivered to condemn a particular political actor. The term is most famously associated with three noted orators of the ancient world: Demosthenes of ancient Athens , Cato the Elder and Cicero of ancient Rome .
Demosthenes (Third Philippic, 69)—The orator warned his countrymen of the disasters Athens would suffer, if they continued to remain idle and indifferent to the challenges of their times. Between 355 and 351 BC, Demosthenes continued practising law privately while he was becoming increasingly interested in public affairs.
The Philippics (Latin: Philippicae, singular Philippica) are a series of 14 speeches composed by Cicero in 44 and 43 BC, condemning Mark Antony. Cicero likened these speeches to those of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedon ; [ 1 ] both Demosthenes' and Cicero's speeches became known as Philippics .
Demosthenes is regarded as the most effective of the Greek orators, [8] with the Third Philippic being considered the best of Demosthenes' political orations, [9] because of its passionate and evocative style. [10] The opening sequence to the Third Philippic shows Demosthenes to be a virtuoso of the art of oration. [11]
The "Third Philippic", for instance, contains text which does not appear in all of the manuscript traditions; it has been suggested that this was a later addition by another writer. [13] Finally, one of the works which was transmitted as part of the Demosthenic corpus makes no claim to have been written by Demosthenes.
In 344 BC, the orator Python was sent by Philip to Athens to defend Philip against the attacks of the war-party, and to propose possible changes to the peace. In response, Demosthenes delivered one of his most effective and famous speeches, the so-called Second Philippic, attacking Philip and all his works. [21]
The "Second Philippic" is an oration that was delivered by the Athenian statesman and orator Demosthenes between 344–343 BC. The speech constitutes the second of the four philippics the orator is said to have delivered.