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Mahābhāṣya by Patañjali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of Sanskrit drama. [5] This treatise on grammar provides a feasible date for the beginnings of theatre in India. [5] Kālidāsa in the 4th-5th century CE, was arguably one of ancient India's greatest Sanskrit dramatists.
Ancient Sanskrit drama had a highly stylized nature with an emphasis on spectacle, where music, dance and gesture combined "to create a vibrant artistic unit with dance and mime being central to the dramatic experience." Sanskrit dramas were known as natya, derived from the root word nrit (dance), characterizing them as spectacular dance-dramas.
The word "Tamasha" is a loanword from Persian, which in turn loaned it from Arabic, meaning a show or theatrical entertainment of some kind. [2] The word has spread to Armenian, Hindi, Urdu and Marathi, to mean "fun" or "play". In Armenian language "To do Tamasha" means "To follow an interesting process or entertainment".
Indian classical dance, or Shastriya Nritya, is an umbrella term for different regionally-specific Indian classical dance traditions, rooted in predominantly Hindu musical theatre performance, [1] [2] [3] the theory and practice of which can be traced to the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra.
Nritya is broadly categorized as one of three parts of Sangita, the other two being gita (vocal music, song) and vadya (instrumental music). [3] [4] [5] These ideas appear in the Vedic literature of Hinduism such as the Aitareya Brahmana, and in early post-Vedic era Sanskrit texts such as the Natya Shastra, Panchatantra, Malvikagnimitra and Kathasaritsagara.
Drama, in this ancient Sanskrit text, is an art to engage every aspect of life, in order to glorify and gift a state of joyful consciousness. [65] The text discusses the universal and inner principles of drama, that it asserts successfully affects and journeys the audience to a supersensual state of discovery and understanding.
Alkap is an amalgamation of music, dance and theatrical presentation. An alkap group of ten to twelve performers is led by a sarkar (master) or guru (leader) and includes two or three young men called chhokras [check spelling], one or two gayens or singers, dohar, choristers, and musicians.
Sangeet Natak Akademi (The National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama in English) is the national level academy for performing arts set up by the Government of India. It is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Culture , Government of India.