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Gas embolism is a diving disorder experienced by underwater divers who breathe gases at ambient pressure, and can happen in two distinct ways: . Pulmonary barotrauma: Air bubbles can enter the bloodstream as a result of gross trauma to the lining of the lung following a rapid ascent while holding the breath; the air held within the lung expands to the point where the tissues tear (pulmonary ...
The air may then enter the arterial circulation producing arterial gas embolism (AGE), with effects similar to severe decompression sickness. [7] Although AGE may occur as a result of other causes, it is most often secondary to PBT. AGE is the second most common cause of death while diving (drowning being the most common stated cause of death ...
If these bubbles cause blockage in blood vessels, this is arterial gas embolism. Vascular obstruction and inflammation caused by gas bubbles causes end organ damage to most tissues. [15] Sufficient pressure difference and expansion to cause this injury can occur from depths as shallow as 1.2 metres (3.9 ft). [16]
The pressure-cycled ventilation includes pressure control ventilation and pressure support ventilation. Both methods offer a set inspiratory pressure. The tidal volume varies depending on the resistance and elastance of the respiratory system. Pressure-cycled ventilation can help alleviate symptoms in patients with acute respiratory distress ...
Gas bubble formation in blood vessels causes obstruction and inflammation, and platelet aggregation may occur. [11] In more solid tissues there may be mechanical damage, and the presence of mobile bubbles in the fluids of the inner ear may cause abnormal stimuli. The pathogenesis remains elusive, [13] and may have more than one mechanism ...
A diver switching their demand valves, or using a buddy’s air supply, or repeatedly purging a rebreather may indicate the onset of SIPE, particularly if there is an adequate supply pressure, and may signal that they are out of gas, or reject a working alternative gas supply [3] A diver may have difficulty breathing at the surface. [10]
DCS often causes air bubbles to settle in major joints like knees or elbows, causing individuals to bend over in excruciating pain, hence its common name, the bends. Individual susceptibility can vary from day to day, and different individuals under the same conditions may be affected differently or not at all.
Shortness of breath (SOB), known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of its distinct ...