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Fumonisins were the most recent mycotoxin found to affect humans and animals negatively. The most produced toxin for this group of fungi is fumonisin B1. [2] Studies have shown that it can cause diseases such as equine leukoencephalomalacia in horses, hydrothorax and porcine pulmonary edema in swine, and it can negatively affect the immune system.
In 1999, another fungal toxin triggered the recall of dry dog food made by Doane Pet Care at one of its plants, including Ol' Roy, Wal-Mart's brand, as well as 53 other brands. This time the toxin killed 25 dogs. [128] A 2005 consumer alert was released for contaminated Diamond Pet Foods for dogs and cats.
Upon consumption, the toxin inhibits ribosomal protein, DNA and RNA synthesis, [22] [21] [23] mitochondrial functions [24] [25] [26] cell division [27] [28] while simultaneously activating a cellular stress response named ribotoxic stress response. [29] The trichothecene mycotoxins can be absorbed though topical, oral, and inhalational routes. [21]
Rashes are common in dogs suffering from food-related allergic reactions [9]. Allergens can elicit both immunologic and non-immunologic responses. [2] Immunologic reactions, also known as Type 1 reactions, [10] are caused by the binding of ingested molecules to specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. [11]
There were outbreaks of dog food containing aflatoxin in North America in late 2005 and early 2006, [38] and again in late 2011. [39] Mycotoxins in animal fodder, particularly silage, can decrease the performance of farm animals and potentially kill them. [40] [4] Several mycotoxins reduce milk yield when ingested by dairy cattle. [40]
Average annual premiums for pet insurance are approximately $676 for dogs and $383 for cats, while an exam and treatment at an emergency vet may cost several thousand dollars. How do claims affect ...
Mycotoxicology is the branch of mycology that focuses on analyzing and studying the toxins produced by fungi, known as mycotoxins. [1] In the food industry it is important to adopt measures that keep mycotoxin levels as low as practicable, especially those that are heat-stable.
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