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Blastocystis hominis is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. [1] This stramenopile exhibits significant genetic diversity and has become an organism of increasing scientific interest due to its widespread distribution and controversial role in human health. [ 2 ]
Researchers have published conflicting reports concerning whether Blastocystis causes symptoms in humans, with one of the earliest reports in 1916. [2] The incidence of reports associated with symptoms began to increase in 1984, [3] with physicians from Saudi Arabia reporting symptoms in humans [4] and US physicians reporting symptoms in individuals with travel to less developed countries. [5]
In the early 2000s, Egyptian physicians identified 84 patients with diarrhea and enteritis apparently caused by Blastocystis hominis. After three days of nitazoxanide treatment, symptoms cleared and no fecal organisms were detectable in 36 (86%) of 42 treated patients and in 16 (38%) of 42 people who received placebo (P < .0001).
Covering sickness, or dourine (French, from the Arabic darina, meaning mangy (said of a female camel), feminine of darin, meaning dirty), [1] is a disease of horses and other members of the family Equidae. The disease is caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, which belongs to an important genus of parasitic protozoa. [2]
Melarsoprol (for treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei) Eflornithine (for sleeping sickness) Metronidazole (for vaginitis caused by Trichomonas) Tinidazole (for intestinal infections caused by Giardia lamblia) Miltefosine (for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, currently undergoing investigation for ...
The bluetick coonhound is among the dog breeds most at risk from blastomycosis. [59] Blastomycosis affects a broad range of mammals. As with humans, most animals that become infected were formerly healthy and immunocompetent. [15] Dogs are frequently affected; blastomycosis is eight to ten times more common in dogs than in humans. [15]
However, treatment should be short, meaning a single injection daily for about a week. Treatment should only be given by prescription. Cefquinome should not be used in feed or water. Since 1994, in Europe, it was allowed to treat cattle by prescription only. In 1999, swine were included. By 2005, horses were allowed as well.
The risk of death from in dogs undergoing surgical treatment for pyometra is up to 17%. [42] Thus the risk of death in entire female dogs from a pyometra, even if given correct veterinary attention can be up to 9% by 10 years of age (17% of 54%). This risk is reduced to virtually zero if spayed.