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Archduke Maximilian Joseph of Austria-Este (July 14, 1782 – June 1, 1863), the fourth son of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and younger brother of Francis IV, Duke of Modena. He was grand master of the Teutonic Knights from 1835 to 1863.
Maximilian of Austria may refer to the following members of the Habsburg dynasty: Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459–1519), who obtained the Burgundian lands by marriage Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1527–1576), king of Bohemia, king of Hungary, and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
Maximilian I (Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena; German: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who became emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Mexican Republic on 19 June 1867.
In 1863, the Mexican Conservative Party, with the support of Napoleon III of France, attempted to establish a new monarchy under Austrian Hapsburg Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian as Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. [13]
Archduke Maximilian may refer to: Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459–1519) Archduke Maximilian Ernest of Austria (1583–1616) Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria (1756–1801) Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico (1832–1867) Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este (1782–1863) Archduke Maximilian of Austria (1895–1952)
A referendum on Maximilian becoming Emperor was held in Mexico on 4 December 1863. [1] The proposal was supposedly approved by 100% of voters, with not a single vote cast against. [1] Maximilian subsequently took the throne on 11 April 1864, starting the era of the Second Mexican Empire.
Maximilian was born in 1832, the second son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria of the House of Hapsburg and Princess Sophie of Bavaria. After a career in the Austrian Navy, he was encouraged by Napoleon III to become Emperor of Mexico following the French intervention in Mexico. Maximilian arrived in Mexico in May 1864.
Maximilian's regime received recognition from European powers such as Great Britain and Austria, as well as from Brazil and China, but it was not recognized by the United States. At the time, the U.S. was engaged in its Civil War (1861–65) and did not formally oppose the Empire during the conflict.