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This then allows recruitment of the DNA repair enzyme MRE11, to initiate DNA repair, within 13 seconds. [51] γH2AX, the phosphorylated form of H2AX is also involved in the early steps leading to chromatin decondensation after DNA double-strand breaks. The histone variant H2AX constitutes about 10% of the H2A histones in human chromatin.
The schematic diagram indicates the roles of insufficient DNA repair in aging and cancer, and the role of apoptosis in cancer prevention. An excess of naturally occurring DNA damage, due to inherited deficiencies in particular DNA repair enzymes, can cause premature aging or increased risk for cancer (see DNA repair-deficiency disorder).
ERCC4 is a protein designated as DNA repair endonuclease XPF that in humans is encoded by the ERCC4 gene. Together with ERCC1, ERCC4 forms the ERCC1-XPF enzyme complex that participates in DNA repair and DNA recombination. [5] [6] The nuclease enzyme ERCC1-XPF cuts specific structures of DNA. Many aspects of these two gene products are ...
DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.2. Base excision repair is the mechanism by which damaged bases in DNA are removed and replaced.
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It efficiently removes methyl groups from 1-methyl adenines, 3-methyl cytosines in SS DNA. [1] [4] AlkB is an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase, a superfamily non-haem iron-containing proteins. It oxidatively demethylates the DNA substrate. [1] [4] Demethylation by AlkB is accompanied with release of CO 2, succinate, and formaldehyde. [4]