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sysctl is a software mechanism in some Unix-like operating systems that reads and modifies the attributes of the system kernel such as its version number, maximum limits, and security settings. [1] It is available both as a system call for compiled programs, and an administrator command for interactive use and scripting.
ISOLINUX is generally used by Linux live CDs and bootable install CDs. rEFInd, a boot manager for UEFI systems. coreboot is a free implementation of the UEFI or BIOS and usually deployed with the system board, and field upgrades provided by the vendor if need be. Parts of coreboot becomes the systems BIOS and stays resident in memory after boot.
A runlevel defines the state of the machine after boot. Different runlevels are typically assigned (not necessarily in any particular order) to the single-user mode , multi-user mode without network services started, multi-user mode with network services started, system shutdown, and system reboot system states.
Deploying solutions based on reboot to restore technology allows users to define a system configuration as the desired state. The baseline is the point that is restored on reboot. Once the baseline is set, the reboot to restore software continues to restore that configuration every time the device restarts or switches on after a shutdown. [3]
However, new software added to the system may require changes to existing files that risk producing an unbootable system. BSD init was, prior to 4.3BSD, the same as Research UNIX's init; [ 4 ] [ 5 ] in 4.3BSD , it added support for running a windowing system such as X on graphical terminals under the control of /etc/ttys .
When debugging a concurrent and distributed system of systems, a bootloop (also written boot loop or boot-loop) is a diagnostic condition of an erroneous state that occurs on computing devices; when those devices repeatedly fail to complete the booting process and restart before a boot sequence is finished, a restart might prevent a user from ...
The current Linux manual pages for su define it as "substitute user", [9] making the correct meaning of sudo "substitute user, do", because sudo can run a command as other users as well. [10] [11] Unlike the similar command su, users must, by default, supply their own password for authentication, rather than the password of the target user.
systemctl is a command to introspect and control the state of the systemd system and service manager. Not to be confused with sysctl . systemd-analyze may be used to determine system boot-up performance statistics and retrieve other state and tracing information from the system and service manager.