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In Linux, the parameter is called net.ipv4.ip_forward. In most systems, the command sysctl -w parameter=1 will enable a certain behavior. This will persist until the next reboot. If the behavior should be enabled whenever the system boots, the line parameter=1 can be added/rewritten to the file /etc/sysctl.conf. Additionally, some sysctl ...
With ECN, the congestion is indicated by setting the ECN field within an IP packet to CE (Congestion Experienced) and is echoed back by the receiver to the transmitter by setting proper bits in the header of the transport protocol. For example, when using TCP, the congestion indication is echoed back by setting the ECE bit.
The default route in Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is designated as the zero address, 0.0.0.0 / 0 in CIDR notation. [2] Similarly, in IPv6, the default route is specified by :: / 0. The subnet mask is specified as / 0, which effectively specifies all networks and is the shortest match possible. A route lookup that does not match any other ...
Field Size (bits) Description Copied: 1: Set to 1 if the options need to be copied into all fragments of a fragmented packet. Option Class: 2: A general options category. 0 is for control options, and 2 is for debugging and measurement. 1 and 3 are reserved.
In the DS field, a range of eight values (class selectors) is used for backward compatibility with the former IPv4 IP precedence field. Today, DiffServ has largely supplanted TOS and other layer-3 QoS mechanisms, such as integrated services (IntServ), as the primary architecture routers use to provide QoS.
However, a flow is not necessarily 1:1 mapped to a transport connection." [2] Flow is also defined in RFC 3917 as "a set of IP packets passing an observation point in the network during a certain time interval." [3] Packet flow temporal efficiency can be affected by one-way delay (OWD) that is described as a combination of the following components:
Nagle's algorithm is a means of improving the efficiency of TCP/IP networks by reducing the number of packets that need to be sent over the network. It was defined by John Nagle while working for Ford Aerospace.
Ethernet flow control is a mechanism for temporarily stopping the transmission of data on Ethernet family computer networks. The goal of this mechanism is to avoid packet loss in the presence of network congestion. The first flow control mechanism, the pause frame, was defined by the IEEE 802.3x standard.