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Sutomo (October 3, 1920 - October 7, 1981; also known as Bung Tomo) is best known for his role as an Indonesian military leader during the Indonesian War of Independence against the Netherlands. He played a central role in Battle of Surabaya when the British attacked the city in October and November 1945. Bung Tomo in Surabaya
Sutomo (3 October 1920 – 7 October 1981), [1] also known as Bung Tomo (meaning Comrade or Brother Tomo), was an Indonesian revolutionary and military leader best known for his role in the Indonesian National Revolution against Dutch colonial rule.
A defiant Bung Tomo in Surabaya, one of the most revered revolutionary leaders, wearing an Imperial Japanese Army uniform. This photo became an iconic image of the revolution. [9] The senior Japanese commander in Surabaya, Vice Admiral Shibata Yaichiro, threw his support behind the Republicans and gave Indonesians ready access to arms. [2]
The Battle of Surabaya was fought in May 1677 during the Trunajaya rebellion, in which the Dutch East India Company (known by its Dutch acronym "VOC") defeated the forces of Trunajaya and took Surabaya on behalf of its ally, the Mataram Sultanate.
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The Hotel Yamato incident was the tearing of the blue colour of the Dutch flag flying at Hotel Yamato (now Hotel Majapahit) on 19 September 1945, in Surabaya, Indonesia. It was preceded by the failure of negotiations between Soedirman (Surabaya residency) and W. V. C. Ploegman [1] to lower the Dutch flag. [2]
National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia. [1] It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens" [a] or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people".
In the latter half of the 16th century, the Sultanate of Demak, the dominant power on the island of Java, disintegrated into several independent states. [8] At the turn of the 17th century, three of these states emerged as the leading powers: the Sultanate of Banten in western Java, the Sultanate of Mataram in inland central Java, and the Duchy of Surabaya in coastal eastern Java.