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Sanskrit and other Indic Languages This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
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Shiksha is the field of Vedic study of sound, focussing on the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, accent, quantity, stress, melody and rules of euphonic combination of words during a Vedic recitation. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Each ancient Vedic school developed this field of Vedanga , and the oldest surviving phonetic textbooks are the Pratishakyas . [ 2 ]
This results in differing transliterations for Sanskrit and schwa-deleting languages that retain or eliminate the schwa as appropriate: Sanskrit: Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa, Śiva, Sāmaveda; Hindi: Mahābhārat, Rāmāyaṇ, Śiv, Sāmved; Some words may keep the final a, generally because they would be difficult to say without it:
The Tartessian or Southwestern script is typologically intermediate between a pure alphabet and the Paleohispanic full semi-syllabaries. Although the letter used to write a stop consonant was determined by the following vowel, as in a full semi-syllabary, the following vowel was also written, as in an alphabet. Some scholars treat Tartessian as ...
It convincingly identifies the uniform procedure of diacritical marks, diphthongs, dual consonants, and aspirates in the alphabet. It also recognizes the writing styles of combining consonants. Some vowel and consonant signs are elaborated meticulously in the context of the Indus Texts.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vedic and Classical Sanskrit and Pali pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.