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Thus, despite its position as one of the so-called rare-earth metals, cerium is actually not rare at all. [46] Cerium content in the soil varies between 2 and 150 ppm, with an average of 50 ppm; seawater contains 1.5 parts per trillion of cerium. [38] Cerium occurs in various minerals, but the most important commercial sources are the minerals ...
Color code: carbon, C, blue-gray; fluorine, F, green; cerium, Ce, white; oxygen, O, red. Bastnäsite is closely related to the mineral series parisite. [7] The two are both rare-earth fluorocarbonates, but parisite's formula of Ca(Ce, La, Nd) 2 (CO 3) 3 F 2 contains calcium (and a small amount of neodymium) and a
Samarium is quite electropositive and reacts slowly with cold water and rapidly with hot water to form samarium hydroxide: [21] 2Sm (s) + 6H 2 O (l) → 2Sm(OH) 3 (aq) + 3H 2 (g) Samarium dissolves readily in dilute sulfuric acid to form solutions containing the yellow [22] to pale green Sm(III) ions, which exist as [Sm(OH 2) 9] 3+ complexes: [21]
The rare earth element neodymium is found in monazite, making it a rare mineral. [25] Moreover, monazite contains many other rare metals such as cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, and samarium, making it a critical source of renewable energy. [26] Recycled magnets can also be derived from these minerals due to the metals they contain. [25]
A great deal of the lighter lanthanides (lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and samarium) are formed as fission products. In Africa , at Oklo where the natural nuclear fission reactor operated over a billion years ago, the isotopic mixture of neodymium is not the same as 'normal' neodymium, it has an isotope pattern very similar to the neodymium ...
The Earth's crust is one "reservoir" for measurements of abundance. A reservoir is any large body to be studied as unit, like the ocean, atmosphere, mantle or crust. Different reservoirs may have different relative amounts of each element due to different chemical or mechanical processes involved in the creation of the reservoir. [1]: 18
The color of a water sample can be reported as: Apparent color is the color of a body of water being reflected from the surface of the water, and consists of color from both dissolved and suspended components. Apparent color may also be changed by variations in sky color or the reflection of nearby vegetation.
Cerium(IV) oxide, also known as ceric oxide, ceric dioxide, ceria, cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a pale yellow-white powder with the chemical formula CeO 2. It is an important commercial product and an intermediate in the purification of the element from the ores.