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Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
However, some toxins can cause irreversible permanent damage. Depending on the intensity of the poison of the substance it [2] can affect just one particular organ system or they may produce generalized toxicity by affecting a number of systems. A variety of symptoms occur depending on how and where the toxic injuries affect the body.
Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O 2) at increased partial pressures.Severe cases can result in cell damage and death, with effects most often seen in the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes.
Symptoms of an overdose can include abdominal pain, nausea, ... Taking more than 250 mg per day can cause nerve damage and pain, reports AARP. Eating foods like chickpeas, liver, tuna and salmon ...
Formic acid and formaldehyde can cause severe acidosis, damage to the optic nerve, and other life-threatening complications. [5] Ethylene glycol (common antifreeze) can be converted into toxic glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glycolate oxidase in mammalian organisms.
Toxicity may also rarely occur through extensive skin exposure or breathing in fumes. [1] When the body breaks down methanol it results in the creation of metabolite byproducts such as formaldehyde, formic acid, and formate which cause much of the toxicity. [2]
Marine-life experts say the toxic runoff can have both acute, immediate impacts on the fish and other aquatic life living in the bay, along with long-term impacts like widespread die-offs.
The direct toxicity to the cells leads to an increase in capillary permeability. [12] [13] Furthermore, when phosgene hydrolyzes it forms hydrochloric acid, which can damage the cell surface and cause cell death in the alveoli and bronchioles.