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There have been many different theories regarding the causes of excoriation disorder, including biological and environmental factors. [10]A common hypothesis is that excoriation disorder is often a coping mechanism to deal with elevated levels of turmoil, boredom, anxiety, or stress within the individual, and that the individual has an impaired stress response.
Due to an increase in the prevalence of skin picking disorders, of which excoriated acne is a subtype, excoriation disorder was added to the DSM-5 in 2013 and the ICD-11 manuals, with the former providing diagnostic criteria. [3] [5] There is no official diagnostic criteria for excoriated acne specifically. There are several scales to measure ...
Onychotillomania can be categorized as a body-focused repetitive behavior in the DSM-5 and is a form of skin picking, also known as excoriation disorder. It can be associated with psychiatric disorders such as depressive neurosis, delusions of infestation [2] and hypochondriasis. [3] It was named by Jan Alkiewicz, a Polish dermatologist. [4]
This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature of the disorder. Lastly, the prevalence rate, specifically in the United States, is included to give a sense of how common each disorder is within the population.
The cause of BFRBs is unknown. [citation needed]Emotional variables may have a differential impact on the expression of BFRBs. [5]Research has suggested that the urge to repetitive self-injury is similar to a body-focused repetitive behavior but others have argued that for some the condition is more akin to a substance abuse disorder.
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Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural demyelinating lesion; and is more common in children. [56] [57] Solitary sclerosis: This variant was proposed (2012) by Mayo Clinic researchers. [58] though it was also reported by other groups more or less at the same time.
Trichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair-pulling disorder or compulsive hair pulling, is a mental disorder characterized by a long-term urge that results in the pulling out of one's own hair. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] A brief positive feeling may occur as hair is removed. [ 5 ]