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A macron (/ ˈ m æ k r ɒ n, ˈ m eɪ-/ MAK-ron, MAY-) is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar ¯ placed above a letter, usually a vowel. Its name derives from Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón) 'long' because it was originally used to mark long or heavy syllables in Greco-Roman metrics. It now more often marks a long vowel.
It would be redundant for one who knew the classical rules of accentuation and made the correct distinction between long and short vowels, but most Latin speakers since the 3rd century have not made any distinction between long and short vowels, but they have kept the accents in the same places; thus, the use of accent marks allows speakers to ...
Romanized Japanese occasionally uses macrons to mark long vowels. The Hepburn romanization system uses macrons to mark long vowels, and the Kunrei-shiki and Nihon-shiki systems use a circumflex. Sanskrit, as well as many of its descendants, like Hindi and Bengali, uses a lossless romanization system, IAST. This includes several letters with ...
Latin long i /iː/ in epigraphic style ꟷ Sideways I Epigraphic variant of I used in early medieval Celtic inscriptions [8] ᴉ ᵎ: Turned i FUT [2] ᵻ ᶧ Small capital I with stroke IPA Oxford University Press dictionary convention English /ɨ/ or /ə/ Ɩ ɩ ᶥ Iota Bissa, Kabye; cf. Greek: Ɩ ɩ: J ȷ Dotless j Old High German: ᴊ ...
aʼ is used in Taa for the glottalized or creaky-voiced vowel /a̰/. aa is used in Dutch, Finnish and other languages with phonemic long vowels for /aː/.It was formerly used in Danish and Norwegian (and still is in some proper names) for [ɔ] or [ʌ] (in Danish), until it was replaced with å .
The lists and tables below summarize and compare the letter inventories of some of the Latin-script alphabets.In this article, the scope of the word "alphabet" is broadened to include letters with tone marks, and other diacritics used to represent a wide range of orthographic traditions, without regard to whether or how they are sequenced in their alphabet or the table.
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.
Other Latin letters, particularly j , r and y , differ from English, but have their IPA values in Latin or other European languages. This basic Latin inventory was extended by adding small-capital and cursive forms, diacritics and rotation.