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Facet syndrome is a syndrome in which the facet joints (synovial diarthroses) cause painful symptoms. [1] In conjunction with degenerative disc disease , a distinct but functionally related condition, facet arthropathy is believed to be one of the most common causes of lower back pain.
The procedure is less effective in treating older patients, overweight patients, or a cartilage lesion larger than 2.5 cm. [11] Further on, chances are high that after only 1 or 2 years of the surgery symptoms start to return as the fibrocartilage wears away, forcing the patient to reengage in articular cartilage repair.
Articular cartilage does not usually regenerate (the process of repair by formation of the same type of tissue) after injury or disease leading to loss of tissue and formation of a defect. This fact was first described by William Hunter in 1743. [1] Several surgical techniques have been developed in the effort to repair articular cartilage defects.
There are several different repair options available for cartilage damage or failure. "Maci" or autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane, is a treatment to correct cartilage defects in the knee. This treatment has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2016 for adult treatment only. [1]
Arthroscopic lavage is a "cleaning up" procedure of the knee joint. This short-term solution is not considered as an articular cartilage repair procedure but rather a palliative treatment to reduce pain, mechanical restriction and inflammation. Lavage focuses on removing degenerative articular cartilage flaps and fibrous tissue.
Facet joint injections are used to alleviate symptoms of Facet syndrome. [1] The procedure is an outpatient surgery, so that the patient can go home on the same day. It usually takes 10–20 minutes, but may take up to 30 minutes if the patient needs an IV for relaxation. [ 2 ]
Arthrofibrosis can occur after total knee replacement or partial knee replacement, when excessive scar tissue (collagen fibril) deposition occurs in and around the knee. This can be accompanied by shortening of the patellar tendon (patella baja/infera) which can also contribute to limited flexion.
Rehabilitation for an MPFL repair usually involves physical therapy, with the initial recovery time being 4–7 months. [6] During the immediate post-operation phase, the knee is protected at all times. Patients do not bear weight on the knee for the first two weeks after surgery, with no range of motion.