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In the lambda calculus, x is a bound variable in the term M = λx. T and a free variable in the term T. We say x is bound in M and free in T. If T contains a subterm λx. U then x is rebound in this term. This nested, inner binding of x is said to "shadow" the outer binding. Occurrences of x in U are free occurrences of the new x. [3]
Next-fit is an online algorithm for bin packing.Its input is a list of items of different sizes. Its output is a packing - a partition of the items into bins of fixed capacity, such that the sum of sizes of items in each bin is at most the capacity.
It is a generalization of the Cramér–Rao bound; compared to the Cramér–Rao bound, it is both tighter and applicable to a wider range of problems. However, it is usually more difficult to compute. The bound was independently discovered by John Hammersley in 1950, [1] and by Douglas Chapman and Herbert Robbins in 1951. [2]
For example, a box of clothing shipped internationally which weighs 10 pounds and measures 18 × 18 × 18 inches would be charged as if it weighed 36 pounds: (18 x 18 x 18)/166 = 35.1 pounds which is then rounded up to 36 pounds for shipping cost purposes.
In mathematics and computer science, in the field of coding theory, the Hamming bound is a limit on the parameters of an arbitrary block code: it is also known as the sphere-packing bound or the volume bound from an interpretation in terms of packing balls in the Hamming metric into the space of all possible words.
Let be a q-ary code of length , i.e. a subset of .Let be the minimum distance of , i.e. =,, (,), where (,) is the Hamming distance between and .. Let (,) be the set of all q-ary codes with length and minimum distance and let (,,) denote the set of codes in (,) such that every element has exactly nonzero entries.
The probability that an uncertain number represented by a p-box D is less than zero is the interval Pr(D < 0) = [F(0), F̅(0)], where F̅(0) is the left bound of the probability box D and F(0) is its right bound, both evaluated at zero. Two uncertain numbers represented by probability boxes may then be compared for numerical magnitude with the ...
This description assumes the ILP is a maximization problem.. The method solves the linear program without the integer constraint using the regular simplex algorithm.When an optimal solution is obtained, and this solution has a non-integer value for a variable that is supposed to be integer, a cutting plane algorithm may be used to find further linear constraints which are satisfied by all ...