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Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
The evo-devo gene toolkit is the small subset of genes in an organism's genome whose products control the organism's embryonic development. Toolkit genes are central to the synthesis of molecular genetics , palaeontology , evolution and developmental biology in the science of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo).
Genome size ranges (in base pairs) of various life forms. Genome size is the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a single complete genome.It is typically measured in terms of mass in picograms (trillionths or 10 −12 of a gram, abbreviated pg) or less frequently in daltons, or as the total number of nucleotide base pairs, usually in megabases (millions of base pairs, abbreviated ...
There are two types of approaches to assemble transcriptomes. Genome-guided methods use a reference genome (if possible a finished and high quality genome) as a template to align and assembling reads into transcripts. Genome-independent methods does not require a reference genome and are normally used when a genome is not available.
Animation of molecular activities illustrates the dynamic behaviors of biomolecules, serving as a powerful educational and research tool. Utilizing Unity3D game engine technology, this approach democratizes the creation of interactive molecular visualization tools, resulting in a user-friendly platform that simplifies complex biological data ...
Aid general understanding of large-scale DNA or protein alignments; Visualize alignments for figures and publication; Manually edit and curate automatically generated alignments; Analysis in depth; The rest of this article is focused on only multiple global alignments of homologous proteins.
The monograph Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis was often used as a textbook for new ways to study molecular evolution. MEGA has been updated and expanded several times and currently all these versions are available from the MEGA website. The latest release, MEGA7, has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems. MEGA is in two ...
This led to a second synthesis, [29] [30] at last including embryology as well as molecular genetics, phylogeny, and evolutionary biology to form evo-devo. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In 1978, Edward B. Lewis discovered homeotic genes that regulate embryonic development in Drosophila fruit flies, which like all insects are arthropods , one of the major phyla ...