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Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein [5] [6] that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). [ 9 ]
Elevated alpha-fetoprotein refers to a state where alpha-fetoprotein levels are outside of the reference range. There are two categories of AFP tests: tests performed on serum (blood plasma), and tests performed on amniotic fluid. Tests performed on serum are further categorized by the reason for performing the test: maternal serum, adult tumor ...
This is why AFP can be used alongside other tests as a tumor marker protein in adults. [12] AFP is a single polypeptide chain with a half-life of 4–5 days. The protein that is normally expressed in a fetus can also be expressed in mesodermal and endodermal tumors. AFP can have a lower concentration with fetal defects and is used as a marker ...
Males with pure embryonal carcinoma tend to have a normal amount of the protein alpha-fetoprotein in the fluid component of their blood. The finding of elevated amounts of alpha-fetoprotein is more suggestive of a mixed germ cell tumour, with the alpha-fetoprotein being released by the yolk sac tumour component. [citation needed]
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 44 [15] ng/mL or μg/L: Hepatocellular carcinoma or testicular cancer Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) In males and non-pregnant females: 5 [15] IU/L or mU/mL: choriocarcinoma CA19-9: 40 [15] U/mL: Pancreatic cancer CA-125: 30, [71] 35 [72] kU/L or U/mL: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Non-smokers, 50 years: 3. ...
(Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images) Tuesday’s press conference in the Oval Office was already unusual, ... Vivian, who at age 18 officially changed her name and gender from male to female – and ...
One example of an oncofetal antigen is alpha-fetoprotein, which is produced by hepatocellular carcinoma and some germ cell tumors. Another example is carcinoembryonic antigen , which is elevated in people with colon cancer and other tumors.
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