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The largest Antarctic ozone hole recorded (September 2006) 2012 retrospective video by NASA on the Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Because the Protocol was created in the 1980s and countries economic situations have changed, the Kigali Amendment created three updated groups for compliance with the additional terms. [ 18 ] The first group, which includes the "old" industrialized countries, is committed to reducing the use of HFCs by 45% by 2024 and by 85% by 2036, compared ...
The treaty outlines a schedule for the phase-out of key substances such as CFCs, HCFCs, and halons. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, agreed upon in 2016, included provisions for the phase-down of HFCs, which are potent greenhouse gases but do not deplete the ozone layer. [5]
The participants agreed to phase out CFCs and halons entirely (aside from a very small amount marked for certain "essential" uses, such as asthma inhalers) by 2000 in non-Article 5 countries and by 2010 in Article 5 (less developed) signatories. [93] At a 1992 meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark, the phase-out date was moved up to 1996. [93]
On 24 February 1988 in Montreal, the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports serving International Civil Aviation was signed as a supplement to the convention. The Protocol makes it an offence to commit similarly violent, dangerous, or damaging acts in airports that serve civil aviation.
The development of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) as replacements for Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and Hydrofluorocarbons began after the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol in 2016, which called for the phase out of high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants and to replace them with other refrigerants with a lower GWP, closer to that of ...
OTTAWA (Reuters) -Canada on Tuesday moved to end labor disputes at the country's two biggest ports, Vancouver and Montreal, citing economic damage and the potential for driving away trading partners.
The Vienna Convention provided the framework necessary to create regulatory measures in the form of the Montreal Protocol. [ 4 ] In terms of universality, it is one of the most successful treaties of all time, having been ratified by 198 states (all United Nations members as well as the Holy See , the State of Palestine , Niue and the Cook ...