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Main Streptococcus groups are included as "Strep." at bottom left. Diagnosis is by a swab of the affected area for laboratory testing. A Gram stain is performed to show Gram-positive cocci in chains. Then, the organism is cultured on blood agar. The rapid pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) test is commonly used, wherein a positive reaction confers ...
Similarly, group B streptococcus typically denotes Streptococcus agalactiae, although minor beta-hemolytic group B streptococci like S. troglodytidis exist. [15] While most streptococcal illnesses in humans originate from species adapted to humans, such as S. pneumoniae or S. pyogenes, there are zoonotic species capable of causing infections. [15]
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in all age groups except newborn infants. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that often lives in the throat of people who do not have pneumonia. Other important Gram-positive causes of pneumonia are Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis.
Pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. [1]S. pneumoniae is a common member of the bacterial flora colonizing the nose and throat of 5–10% of healthy adults and 20–40% of healthy children. [2]
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus. [1] S. pneumoniae cells are usually found in pairs ( diplococci ) and do not form spores and are non motile. [ 2 ]
If the reaction is positive, the capsule becomes opaque and appears to enlarge. Photomicrograph of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria revealing capsular swelling using the Neufeld quellung test. Notice the two streptococci at the top of the photo that appear to have no capsule.
Initial work identifying the two common bacterial causes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was performed by Carl Friedländer [154] and Albert Fraenkel [155] in 1882 and 1884, respectively. Friedländer's initial work introduced the Gram stain, a fundamental laboratory test still used today to identify and categorize bacteria.
Diagnosis of pneumonia is made clinically, rather than on the basis of a particular test. [13] Evaluation begins with a physical examination by a health provider, which may reveal fever, an increased respiratory rate ( tachypnea ), low blood pressure ( hypotension ), a fast heart rate ( tachycardia ) and changes in the amount of oxygen in the ...