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Muhammadiyah follows the Athari school of Sunni Islam, accepting only taking naqli (scripturalist) and rejecting all aqli (rationalist) tendencies.It emphasizes the authority of the Qur'an and the Hadiths as supreme Islamic law that serves as the legitimate basis of the interpretation of religious belief and practices.
NU was established in 1926 as an organization for orthodox Ash'ari Muslims scholars, [12] as opposed to the modernist policies of the Muhammadiyah and PERSIS (organization), and the rise of Salafi movement of the Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya organization in Indonesia, which rejected local customs influenced by pre-Islamic Javanese Hindus and Buddhist ...
The Jakarta Charter (Indonesian: Piagam Jakarta) was a document drawn up by members of the Indonesian Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) on 22 June 1945 in Jakarta that later formed the basis of the preamble to the Constitution of Indonesia.
He was born in the village of Ciheulang, Ciparay, South Bandung on February 25, 1958. His father's name was H. Ajengan Bahrudin and his mother was Hj. Endah binti Tahim. He began his education at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ciparay, Bandung, continued to SMP Muhammadiyah III Bandung, SMA Negeri 10 Bandung, and Pondok Pesantren Cintawana, Tasikmalaya.
He later became the editor of the Muhammadiyah-owned magazine, Suara Muhammadiyah, and a member of the Indonesian Journalists Association. [4] He learned on the job at Suara Muhammadiyah, mentored by Mohammad Diponegoro . [5] He then received a Fulbright Scholarship to study history at Ohio University in 1972, obtaining a master's degree in 1976.
In 1995, Rais replaced Azhar Basyir, then the chairman of Muhammadiyah, who died soon after his re-election. In 1993, at a Muhammadiyah mid-term meeting (Tanwir) in Surabaya, Rais urged a presidential succession, a very rare issue amid the New Order regime. The political and economical decay in Indonesia during the 90s had Rais call for a ...
In 1912, the Muhammadiyah organization was founded in Yogyakarta (in modern-day Indonesia), [71] which, together with Nahdlatul Ulama ("Reawakening of the ulama"), founded in 1926, form the two largest Muslim organizations in the world. [72]
Hasyim Asy'ari was born Muhammad Hasyim in Gedang, Jombang Regency [3] on 10 April 1875. His parents were Asy'ari and Halimah. His family was deeply involved in the administrations of pesantrens (local Islamic boarding schools).