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indicates that state ratified amendment after first rejecting it: Y (×) indicates that state ratified amendment, later rescinded that ratification, but subsequently re-ratified it — indicates that state did not complete action on amendment … indicates that amendment was ratified before state joined the Union: State (in order of statehood ...
Congress of the Confederation certifies that the new constitution has been duly ratified and sets date for first meeting of the new federal government and the presidential election. [56] [60] December 15, 1788 – January 10, 1789 • Presidential election held First quadrennial presidential election under the new Constitution is held. [61]
Prior to the Twenty-seventh Amendment, which languished for 202 years, 7 months, 12 days before being ratified (submitted for ratification in 1789 as part of the Bill of Rights, but not ratified until 1992), the Twenty-second Amendment held the record for longest time taken to successfully complete the ratification process – 3 years, 11 ...
The ratification method is chosen by Congress for each amendment. [126] State ratifying conventions were used only once, for the Twenty-first Amendment. [127] Presently, the Archivist of the United States is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S. Code § 106b.
When the states have ratified the proposed amendment, then it becomes part of the Constitution. “…(O)ne or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by Congress…” to the states.
The decision of which ratification method will be used for any given amendment is Congress' alone to make, as is the decision to set a ratification deadline. [3] Only for the 21st amendment was the latter procedure invoked and followed. Upon being properly ratified, an amendment becomes an operative addition to the Constitution. [4]
Former Tennessee Attorney General Paul G. Summers writes this regular civics education guest opinion column about the U.S. Constitution.
Tennessee certificate of ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. With this ratification, the amendment became valid as a part of the Constitution. After being officially proposed, either by Congress or a national convention of the states, a constitutional amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths (38 out of 50) of the states.