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The seven capital virtues or seven lively virtues (also known as the contrary or remedial virtues) [8] are those thought to stand in opposition to the seven capital vices (or deadly sins). Prudentius , writing in the 5th century, was the first author to allegorically represent Christian morality as a struggle between seven sins and seven virtues.
Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit. Folio from Walters manuscript W.171 (15th century) The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah [4] 11:1–2, a passage which refers to the characteristics of a Messianic figure empowered by the "Spirit of the Lord". [5] The Greek and Hebrew versions of the Bible differ slightly in how the gifts are enumerated.
The medieval Catholic philosopher Thomas Aquinas explained that these virtues are called theological virtues "first, because their object is God, inasmuch as they direct us aright to God: secondly, because they are infused in us by God alone: thirdly, because these virtues are not made known to us, save by Divine revelation, contained in Holy ...
As with other theological virtues, charity is divinely infused into the soul; it resides in the will. [7] According to Aquinas, charity is an absolute requirement for happiness, which he holds as man's last goal. Charity has two parts: love of God and love of man, which includes both love of one's neighbor and one's self. [7]
In Roman Catholicism, the priest acts in the person of Christ in pronouncing the words that comprise part of a sacramental rite. For example, in the Mass, the Words of Institution, by which the bread becomes the Body of Christ and the wine becomes the Precious Blood. The priest act in the person of Christ who is the head of the Church.
Jesuit scholars Daniel J. Harrington and James F. Keenan, in their Paul and Virtue Ethics (2010), argue for seven "new virtues" to replace the classical cardinal virtues in complementing the three theological virtues, mirroring the seven earlier proposed in Bernard Lonergan's Method in Theology (1972): "be humble, be hospitable, be merciful, be ...
In Catholic theology, merit is a property of a good work which entitles the doer to receive a reward: it is a salutary act (i.e., "Human action that is performed under the influence of grace and that positively leads a person to a heavenly destiny") [4] to which God, in whose service the work is done, in consequence of his infallible promise may give a reward (prœmium, merces).
The celebration of the Eucharist, one of seven Catholic sacraments, is the center of Catholic worship. The church exercises control over additional forms of personal prayer and devotion including the Rosary , Stations of the Cross , and Eucharistic adoration , declaring they should all derive from the Eucharist and lead back to it. [ 8 ]