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2. Earth's crustal evolution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crustal_evolution

   Surface map of oceanic crust showing the generation of younger (red) crust and eventual destruction of older (blue) crust. This demonstrates the crustal spatial evolution at the Earth's surface dictated by plate tectonics. Earth's crustal evolution involves the formation, destruction and renewal of the rocky outer shell at that planet's surface.

3. Earth's crust - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crust

   Plates in the crust of Earth. Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. [1]

4. List of tectonic plates - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates

   Map showing Earth's principal tectonic plates and their boundaries in detail. These plates comprise the bulk of the continents and the Pacific Ocean.For purposes of this list, a major plate is any plate with an area greater than 20 million km 2 (7.7 million sq mi)

5. Continental crust - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crust

   The thickness of Earth's crust (km). The continental crust consists of various layers, with a bulk composition that is intermediate (SiO 2 wt% = 60.6). [5] The average density of the continental crust is about, 2.83 g/cm 3 (0.102 lb/cu in), [6] less dense than the ultramafic material that makes up the mantle, which has a density of around 3.3 g/cm 3 (0.12 lb/cu in).

6. Oceanic crust - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_crust

   Layer 3 is formed by slow cooling of magma beneath the surface and consists of coarse grained gabbro and cumulate ultramafic rocks. [13] It constitutes over two-thirds of oceanic crust volume with almost 5 km thickness. [14]

7. Crust (geology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)

   The internal structure of Earth. In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).

8. Tectonic uplift - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_uplift

   Crustal thickening has an upward component of motion and often occurs when continental crust is thrust onto continental crust. Basically nappes (thrust sheets) from each plate collide and begin to stack one on top of the other; evidence of this process can be seen in preserved ophiolitic nappes (preserved in the Himalayas) and in rocks with an inverted metamorphic gradient.

9. Continental fragment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_fragment

   The sedimentary layer of continental fragments can be up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) thick and can overlay two to three crustal layers. Continental fragments have an average crustal density of 2.81 g/cm 3 (0.102 lb/cu in) which is very similar to that of typical continental crust. Strike-slip fault zones cause the fragmentation of microcontinents ...