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The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the earliest models of communication. [2] [3] [4] It was initially published by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". [5] The model was further developed together with Warren Weaver in their co-authored 1949 book The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
The message is then perceived and interpreted by the audience, labeled in the diagram as M₂. [138] The relation between message and reality is of central importance to Gerbner. [133] [131] [132] For this reason, his model includes two dimensions. The horizontal dimension corresponds to the relation between communicator and event.
The SMCR model is usually described as a linear transmission model of communication. [4] [17] Its main focus is to identify the basic parts of communication and to show how their characteristics shape the communicative process. In this regard, Berlo understands his model as "a model of the ingredients of communication". [24]
Shannon's diagram of a general communications system, showing the process by which a message sent becomes the message received (possibly corrupted by noise) This work is known for introducing the concepts of channel capacity as well as the noisy channel coding theorem. Shannon's article laid out the basic elements of communication:
The Map Communication Model is a theory in cartography that characterizes mapping as a process of transmitting geographic information via the map from the cartographer to the end-user. [1] It was perhaps the first paradigm to gain widespread acceptance in cartography in the international cartographic community and between academic and ...
A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [16] [8] [17] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [10]
The four-sides model also known as communication square or four-ears model is a communication model described in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. [2] [3] It describes the multi-layered structure of human utterances.
However, communication diagrams use the free-form arrangement of objects and links as used in Object diagrams. In order to maintain the ordering of messages in such a free-form diagram, messages are labeled with a chronological number and placed near the link the message is sent over.