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Two different models of the process of creation existed in ancient Israel. [15] In the "logos" (speech) model, God speaks and shapes unresisting dormant matter into effective existence and order (Psalm 33: "By the word of YHWH the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all their hosts; he gathers up the waters like a mound, stores the Deep in vaults"); in the second, or "agon ...
The Christian Bible does not mention seven levels of heaven. Some of these traditions , including Jainism , also have a concept of seven earths or seven underworlds both with the metaphysical realms of deities and with observed celestial bodies such as the classical planets and fixed stars .
Hebrew astronomy refers to any astronomy written in Hebrew or by Hebrew speakers, or translated into Hebrew, or written by Jews in Judeo-Arabic.It includes a range of genres from the earliest astronomy and cosmology contained in the Bible, mainly the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible or "Old Testament"), to Jewish religious works like the Talmud and very technical works.
The third angel blew his trumpet, and a great star fell from heaven, blazing like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water. The name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters became wormwood, and many died from the water, because it was made bitter. (Rev 8:10–11)
The early church fathers, many of whom were taught directly by the Apostles, spoke of three heavens.In the common parlance of the time, the atmosphere where birds fly was considered the first heaven, the space where the stars resided was regarded as the second heaven, and God's abode was deemed the third heaven.
Heaven worship is a Chinese religious belief that predates Taoism and Confucianism, but was later incorporated into both. Shangdi is the supreme unknowable god of Chinese folk religion . Over time, namely following the conquests of the Zhou dynasty who worshipped Tian (天 lit. "sky" ), Shangdi became synonymous with Tian, or Heaven.
Mithraic altar (3rd-century AD) showing Caelus flanked by allegories of the Seasons (Museum Carnuntinum, Lower Austria)Caelus or Coelus (/ ˈ s iː l ə s /; SEE-ləs) was a primordial god of the sky in Roman mythology and theology, iconography, and literature (compare caelum, the Latin word for "sky" or "heaven", hence English "celestial").
Page one of Aristotle's On the Heavens, from an edition published in 1837. On the Heavens (Greek: Περὶ οὐρανοῦ; Latin: De Caelo or De Caelo et Mundo) is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise: written in 350 BCE, [1] it contains his astronomical theory and his ideas on the concrete workings of the terrestrial world.