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The cause of cirrhosis can vary; alcohol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are main causes in western and industrialized countries, whereas viral hepatitis is the predominant cause in low and middle-income countries. [156] Cirrhosis is more common in men than in women. [158]
[47] [48] Alcohol-related liver disease accounts for about 4.5% of liver-related deaths globally, underscoring the substantial burden of alcohol misuse. [49] Viral hepatitis, primarily hepatitis B and hepatitis C, remains a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide, despite advances in antiviral therapies and vaccination ...
In cirrhosis, the underlying mechanism involves high blood pressure in the portal system and dysfunction of blood vessels. [4] Diagnosis is typically based on an examination together with ultrasound or a CT scan. [3] Testing the fluid can help in determining the underlying cause. [3] Treatment often involves a low-salt diet, medication such as ...
The treatment of chronic liver disease depends on the cause. Specific conditions may be treated with medications including corticosteroids , interferon , antivirals , bile acids or other drugs. Supportive therapy for complications of cirrhosis include diuretics , albumin , vitamin K , blood products , antibiotics and nutritional therapy.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. [1] It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, and is the leading ...
The causes for portal hypertension are classified as originating in the portal venous system before it reaches the liver (prehepatic causes), within the liver (intrahepatic) or between the liver and the heart (post-hepatic). The most common cause is cirrhosis (chronic liver failure). Other causes include: [1] [10] [11] Prehepatic causes
Common causes for acute liver failure are paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, idiosyncratic reaction to medication (e.g. tetracycline, troglitazone), excessive alcohol consumption (severe alcoholic hepatitis), viral hepatitis (hepatitis A or B—it is extremely uncommon in hepatitis C), acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and idiopathic (without ...
Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). [ 1 ] Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure ( ACLF ) is increasingly being recognized.