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Contextualism, also known as epistemic contextualism, is a family of views in philosophy which emphasize the context in which an action, utterance, or expression occurs. Proponents of contextualism argue that, in some important respect, the action, utterance, or expression can only be understood relative to that context. [ 1 ]
World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence, by Stephen C. Pepper (1942), presents four relatively adequate world hypotheses (or world views or conceptual systems) in terms of their root metaphors: formism (similarity), mechanism (machine), contextualism (historical act), and organicism (living system).
Functional contextualism is a modern philosophy of science [1] rooted in philosophical pragmatism and contextualism.It is most actively developed in behavioral science in general and the field of behavior analysis and contextual behavioral science in particular (see the entry for the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science).
Relation to contextualism [ edit ] Jason Stanley has argued that Dretske's relevant alternative theory was the starting point for the development of contextualism in epistemology, specifically with the subsequent work done by Alvin Goldman and Gail Stine .
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy articles "Epistemology". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Coherentism". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Contextualism in Epistemology". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Epistemic Circularity". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Epistemic Justification". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Williams in his article entitled 'Why (Wittgensteinian) contextualism is not relativism' makes a distinction between Wittgenstein's contextualism and relativism. He argues that the first doctrine does not consider the agent's system of epistemic beliefs, whereas the latter considers it.
DeRose is a proponent of contextualism in epistemology, the view that "what is expressed by a knowledge attribution — a claim to the effect that S “knows” that p — depends partly on something in the context of the attributor, and hence the view is often called ‘attributor contextualism’.
Justification (also called epistemic justification) is a property of beliefs that fulfill certain norms about what a person should believe. [1] [2] Epistemologists often identify justification as a component of knowledge distinguishing it from mere true opinion. [3]