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Coronary ischemia, myocardial ischemia, [1] or cardiac ischemia, [2] is a medical term for abnormally reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation through the coronary arteries. [3] Coronary ischemia is linked to heart disease, and heart attacks. [4] Coronary arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. [5]
The artery supplies the anterior region of the left ventricle, including: the anterolateral myocardium, apex, anterior interventricular septum, and anterolateral papillary muscle. [8] The LAD typically supplies 45–55% of the left ventricle and is therefore considered the most critical vessel in terms of myocardial blood supply. [citation needed]
It is often a sign of myocardial ischemia, of which coronary insufficiency is a major cause. Other ischemic heart diseases causing ST depression include: Subendocardial ischemia [3] or even infarction. [4] Subendocardial means non full thickness ischemia. In contrast, ST elevation is transmural (or full thickness) ischemia; Non Q-wave ...
Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). [3] [4] Ischemia is generally caused by problems with blood vessels, with resultant damage to or dysfunction of tissue i.e. hypoxia and ...
Brief ischemia is associated with intense chest pain, known as angina. Severe ischemia can cause the heart muscle to die from hypoxia, such as during a myocardial infarction. Chronic moderate ischemia causes contraction of the heart to weaken, known as myocardial hibernation. [citation needed]
Myocardial infarction; Other names: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart attack: A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, causing catastrophic thrombus formation, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream to the heart muscle.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease are the terms used to describe narrowing of the coronary arteries. [8] As the disease progresses, plaque buildup can partially block blood flow to the heart muscle. Without enough blood supply , the heart is unable to work properly, especially under increased stress.
The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/World Health Federation Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction for the ECG diagnosis of the ST segment elevation type of acute myocardial infarction require new ST elevation at J point of at least 1mm (0.1 mV) in two contiguous leads with the cut-points: ≥1 mm in all leads ...