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Then the discriminant is the product of the a i, which is well-defined as a class in K/(K ×) 2. Geometrically, the discriminant of a quadratic form in three variables is the equation of a quadratic projective curve. The discriminant is zero if and only if the curve is decomposed in lines (possibly over an algebraically closed extension of the ...
[2] For functions of three or more variables, the determinant of the Hessian does not provide enough information to classify the critical point, because the number of jointly sufficient second-order conditions is equal to the number of variables, and the sign condition on the determinant of the Hessian is only one of the conditions.
In vector calculus, the Jacobian matrix (/ dʒ ə ˈ k oʊ b i ə n /, [1] [2] [3] / dʒ ɪ-, j ɪ-/) of a vector-valued function of several variables is the matrix of all its first-order partial derivatives.
These definitions E 1, E 2, and E 3 of the envelope may be different sets. Consider for instance the curve y = x 3 parametrised by γ : R → R 2 where γ(t) = (t,t 3). The one-parameter family of curves will be given by the tangent lines to γ. First we calculate the discriminant . The generating function is
[2] [3] [4] The determinant of the Hessian matrix, when evaluated at a critical point of a function, is equal to the Gaussian curvature of the function considered as a manifold. The eigenvalues of the Hessian at that point are the principal curvatures of the function, and the eigenvectors are the principal directions of curvature.
An integral basis is given by {1, α, α(α + 1)/2} and the discriminant of K is −503. [5] [6] Repeated discriminants: the discriminant of a quadratic field uniquely identifies it, but this is not true, in general, for higher-degree number fields. For example, there are two non-isomorphic cubic fields of discriminant 3969.
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Another way to derive the above formula is by taking a limit of the Vandermonde matrix as the 's approach each other. For example, to get the case of x 1 = x 2 {\displaystyle x_{1}=x_{2}} , take subtract the first row from second in the original Vandermonde matrix, and let x 2 → x 1 {\displaystyle x_{2}\to x_{1}} : this yields the ...