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Solar energy is the radiant energy from the Sun's light and heat, which can be harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating) and solar architecture.
Despite the rising cost of materials, such as polysilicon, during the 2021–2022 global energy crisis, [68] utility scale solar was still the least expensive energy source in many countries due to the rising costs of other energy sources, such as natural gas. [69] In 2022, global solar generation capacity exceeded 1 TW for the first time. [70]
The largest sources for carbon pollution from energy were petroleum (46%), natural gas (35%) and coal (19%), [25] and of petroleum, motor gasoline (21%) and diesel (12%) were the largest contributors. As gas has been replacing coal, emissions from the two combined have declined from a peak in 2008, down 25% as of 2021.
The NREL solar program had a budget of around $75 million as of 2009 [81] and develops research projects in the areas of photovoltaic (PV) technology, solar thermal energy, and solar radiation. [82] The budget for Sandia's solar division is unknown, however it accounts for a significant percentage of the laboratory's $2.4 billion budget. [83]
Solar combisystem – provides both solar space heating and cooling as well as hot water from a common array of solar thermal collectors, usually backed up an auxiliary non-solar heat source. Solar controller – an electronic device that turns on and off power to the circulating pump in a solar water heater.
Renewable energy sources are even larger than the traditional fossil fuels and in theory can easily supply the world's energy needs. 89 PW [32] of solar power falls on the planet's surface. While it is not possible to capture all, or even most, of this energy, capturing less than 0.02% would be enough to meet the current energy needs.
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