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The Parkland formula, also known as Baxter formula, is a burn formula developed by Charles R. Baxter, used to estimate the amount of replacement fluid required for the first 24 hours in a burn patient so as to ensure the patient is hemodynamically stable.
Baxter made advances in the treatment of burn victims, and founded the burn unit [citation needed] and a skin-graft bank at Parkland. [2] The Parkland formula for fluids is attributed to him. He died in Dallas, Texas, on March 10, 2005, of pneumonia, aged 75. [1]
The TBSA is used to help calculate the volume of fluid required in the initial resuscitation of the patient. This can be calculated by the widely used Parkland Formula or the Muir and Barclay formula. [6] TBSA is also used in the prediction of patient prognosis. [5] In addition Wallace advocated treatment of extensive burns by exposure. [5]
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The Parkland formula gives the minimum amount to be given in 24 hours. Half of the volume is given over the first eight hours after the time of the burn (not from time of admission to hospital) and the other half over the next 16 hours. In dehydration, 2/3 of the deficit may be given in 4 hours, and the rest during approximately 20 hours.
The Lund and Browder chart is a tool useful in the management of burns for estimating the total body surface area affected. It was created by Dr. Charles Lund, Senior Surgeon at Boston City Hospital, and Dr. Newton Browder, based on their experiences in treating over 300 burn victims injured at the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston in 1942.
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The "Evans formula", described in 1952, was the first burn resuscitation formula based on body weight and surface area (BSA) damaged. The first 24 hours of treatment entails 1ml/kg/% BSA of crystalloids plus 1 ml/kg/% BSA colloids plus 2000ml glucose in water, and in the next 24 hours, crystalloids at 0.5 ml/kg/% BSA, colloids at 0.5 ml/kg ...