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The stable indium isotope, indium-113, is one of the p-nuclei, the origin of which is not fully understood; although indium-113 is known to be made directly in the s- and r-processes (rapid neutron capture), and also as the daughter of very long-lived cadmium-113, which has a half-life of about eight quadrillion years, this cannot account for ...
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Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a ternary composition of indium, tin and oxygen in varying proportions. Depending on the oxygen content, it can be described as either a ceramic or an alloy . Indium tin oxide is typically encountered as an oxygen-saturated composition with a formulation of 74% In, 8% Sn, and 18% O by weight.
Indium material used must be ultra-pure (99.9 minimum purity) to prevent hardening of the material at sub-zero temperatures, as well as to restrict impurities of elements with low vapor-pressure. [13] Using vacuum-cast materials for indium cryogenic seals can prevent outgassing.
Ingot molds are tapered to prevent the formation of cracks due to uneven cooling. A crack or void formation occurs as the liquid to solid transition has an associated volume change for a constant mass of material. The formation of these ingot defects may render the cast ingot useless and may need to be re-melted, recycled, or discarded.
It is a eutectic alloy of bismuth, indium, and tin, with the following mass fractions: 32.5% Bi, 51% In, 16.5% Sn. [3] When prepared, Field's metal can be melted in hot water. Field's metal is costly because its major component indium is expensive, priced at around double the price of silver. [4]
To obtain the trialkyl derivatives, alkylation of indium trihalides with organolithium reagents is typical. [4] OrganoIn(III) compounds are also prepared by treating In metal with alkyl halides. This reaction gives mixed organoindium halides. Illustrative is the reaction of allyl bromide with a THF suspension of indium.