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Formal charges in ozone and the nitrate anion. In chemistry, a formal charge (F.C. or q*), in the covalent view of chemical bonding, is the hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.
The Scatchard equation is an equation used in molecular biology to calculate the affinity and number of binding sites of a receptor for a ligand. [1] It is named after the American chemist George Scatchard.
A ligand exchange (also called ligand substitution) is a chemical reaction in which a ligand in a compound is replaced by another. Two general mechanisms are recognized: associative substitution or by dissociative substitution .
The complexes Ir(acac) 3 and corresponding Lewis-base adducts Ir(acac) 3 L (L = an amine) contain one carbon-bonded acac ligand. The IR spectra of O -bonded acetylacetonates are characterized by relatively low-energy ν CO bands of 1535 cm −1 , whereas in carbon-bonded acetylacetonates, the carbonyl vibration occurs closer to the normal range ...
A tridentate ligand (or terdentate ligand) is a ligand that has three atoms that can function as donor atoms in a coordination complex. [ 1 ] Well-known tridentate ligands include diethylenetriamine with three nitrogen donor atoms, and the iminodiacetate anion which consists of one deprotonated amine nitrogen and a pair of carboxylate groups .
In coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually metal ions. [1] The ligand may be atomic or polyatomic. Virtually all complex organic compounds can serve as bridging ligands, so the term is usually restricted to small ligands such as pseudohalides or to ligands that are specifically designed to ...
The associated Hückel Coulomb charge is defined as = (), where () is the number of π-electrons contributed by a neutral, sp 2-hybridized atom j (we always have = for carbon). For carbon 1 on benzene, this yields a π-electron population of
[5] [6] This electron transfer strengthens the metal–ligand bond and weakens the C–C bonds within the ligand. [7] In the case of metal-alkenes and alkynes, the strengthening of the M–C 2 R 4 and M–C 2 R 2 bond is reflected in bending of the C–C–R angles which assume greater sp 3 and sp 2 character, respectively.