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The Russian Civil War pogroms shocked world Jewry and rallied many Jews to the Red Army and the Soviet regime, strengthening the desire for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people. [15] In August 1919 the Soviet government arrested many rabbis, seized Jewish properties, including synagogues, and dissolved many Jewish communities. [17]
The Jewish population of JAO reached a pre-war peak of 20,000 in 1937. [35] According to the 1939 population census, 17,695 Jews lived in the region (16% of the total population). [28] [36] After the war ended in 1945, there was renewed interest in the idea of Birobidzhan as a potential home for Jewish refugees.
The 1999 census estimated that there were only 29,000 Jews left in the country. However, local Jewish organizations put the number at 50,000, and the Jewish Agency believes that there are 70,000. About half of the country's Jews live in Minsk.
In the late 19th century, 99.7% of the world's Jews lived outside the region, with Jews representing 2–5% of the Population of Palestine. [11] [12] Through the first five phases of Aliyah, the Jewish population rose to 630,000 by the rebirth of Israel in 1948.
By the early 13th century, the world Jewish population had fallen to 2 million from a peak at 8 million during the 1st century, and possibly half this number, with only 250,000 of the 2 million living in Christian lands. Many factors had devastated the Jewish population, including the Bar Kokhba revolt and the First Crusade. [citation needed]
Large numbers of Jews lived in Greece ... In 1897, according to Russian census of 1897, the total Jewish population of Russia was 5.1 million people, ...
The Pale of Settlement [a] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 (de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [1] was mostly forbidden.
When Alexander III became Tsar in 1881, he took more hardline stances on Jews in Russia. By this point, in 1882, the Jewish population of the city had boomed to 12,000 [2]-16,000 [3] of whom the majority were not registered legally. Jews were contributing greatly to the economy, and owned 29.3 percent of the capital declared by first-guild ...