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Word problem from the Līlāvatī (12th century), with its English translation and solution. In science education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation.
The tube is sealed during manufacture with the sealed end containing a vacuum. [1] Mercury is a useful material to use in a manometer because of its high density. This means that a much shorter column is needed compared to water. [2] For instance, the pressure represented by a column of 100 mm of water is just under 7.4 mm of mercury . [3]
In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: [1] = where (in SI units): q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., N/m 2, ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m 3), and; u is the flow speed in m/s.
The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per square metre (N·m −2 or kg·m −1 ·s −2). This special name for the unit was added in 1971; before that, pressure in SI was expressed in units such as N·m −2. When indicated, the zero reference is stated in parentheses following the unit, for example 101 kPa (abs).
The upstream static pressure (1) is higher than in the constriction (2), and the fluid speed at "1" is lower than at "2", because the cross-sectional area at "1" is greater than at "2". A flow of air through a pitot tube Venturi meter, showing the columns connected in a manometer and partially filled with water. The meter is "read" as a ...
A sphygmomanometer (/ ˌ s f ɪ ɡ m oʊ m ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ t ə r / SFIG-moh-mə-NO-mi-tər), also known as a blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, [1] and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure.
A colleague of Calandra posed the barometer question to a student, expecting the correct answer: "the height of the building can be estimated in proportion to the difference between the barometer readings at the bottom and at the top of the building". [19]
It was invented in 1874 by Herbert McLeod (1841–1923). [1] McLeod gauges were once commonly found attached to equipment that operates under vacuum, such as a lyophilizer. Today, however, these gauges have largely been replaced by electronic vacuum gauges. The design of a McLeod gauge is somewhat similar to that of a mercury-column manometer.