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Swan neck deformity has many of possible causes arising from the DIP, PIP, or even the MCP joints. In all cases, there is a stretching of the volar plate at the PIP joint to allow hyperextension, plus some damage to the attachment of the extensor tendon to the base of the distal phalanx that produces a hyperflexed mallet finger.
Additionally, swan-neck deformity can be caused by weakening or tearing of the ligament and tendon on the middle joint of a finger. [10] Other causes of swan-neck deformity include untreated mallet finger, muscle spasticity, physical hand trauma, and many others.
Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (the proximal interphalangeal joint, or PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (the distal interphalangeal joint, or DIP) is bent back away (PIP flexion with DIP hyperextension).
Approximately 60% of MCTD patients develop visible arthritis, frequently with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) deformities such as boutonniere deformities and swan neck alterations. [16] [22] Other features include tiny marginal erosions [23] [24] and destructive arthritis, such as arthritis mutilans. [25] [26]
[4] [16] As a result of frequent tissue injury, there can be an early onset of advanced osteoarthritis, [47] chronic degenerative joint disease, [47] swan-neck deformity of the fingers, [48] and Boutonniere deformity of the fingers. Tendon and ligament laxity offer minuscule protection from tearing in muscles and tendons, but these problems ...
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A boutonnière worn pinned on the lapel of a dinner jacket Young men wearing boutonnières. A boutonnière (French: [bu.tɔ.njɛʁ]) or buttonhole (British English) is a floral decoration, typically a single flower or bud, worn on the lapel of a tuxedo or suit jacket.
Truncal ataxia (or trunk ataxia) is a wide-based "drunken sailor" gait characterized by uncertain starts and stops, lateral deviations and unequal steps.It is an instability of the trunk and often seen during sitting. [2]
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