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AASHTO Soil Classification System (from AASHTO M 145 or ASTM D3282) General Classification Granular Materials (35% or less passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve) Silt-Clay Materials (>35% passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve) Group Classification A-1 A-3 A-2 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7 A-1-a A-1-b A-2-4 A-2-5 A-2-6 A-2-7 A-7-5 A-7-6 Sieve Analysis, % passing
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, [1] and chemical engineering [2] to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction ...
The AIA and GSA agreed on a system and named it UNIFORMAT. The AIA included it in their practice on construction management, and the GSA included it in their project estimating requirements. In 1989, ASTM International began developing a standard for classifying building elements, based on UNIFORMAT. It was renamed to UNIFORMAT II. [2]
More than 50% of coarse fraction on No. 4 Sieve Clean Gravels. Less than 5% fines Cu ≥ 4 and 1 ≤ Cc ≤ 3 GW Well-graded gravel Cu < 4 and/or Cc < 1 or Cc > 3 GP Poorly graded gravel Gravels with Fines. More than 12% fines Fines classify as ML or MH GM Silty Gravel Fines classify as CL or CH GC Clayey gravel Sands. 50% or more of coarse ...
Rock-quality designation (RQD) is a rough measure of the degree of jointing or fracture in a rock mass, measured as a percentage of the drill core in lengths of 10 cm or more.
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e., "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0 and 100%.
The activity of soil is the ratio of the plasticity index to the clay size fraction. If activity is less than 0.75, the soil is inactive. If activity exceeds 1.4, then the soil is termed active. If activity lies within the above values, then the soil will be moderately active. [10]
Elementary kinetic theory and simple empirical models [1] [2] [3] - viscosity for dilute gas with nearly spherical molecules; Power series [2] [3] - simplest approach after dilute gas; Equation of state analogy [3] between PVT and T P; Corresponding state [2] [3] model - scaling a variable with its value at the critical point
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