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  2. The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Worlds_of_J._R._R._Tolkien

    The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien: The Places that Inspired Middle-earth is a 2020 non-fiction book by the journalist and Tolkien scholar John Garth. It describes the places that most likely inspired J. R. R. Tolkien to invent Middle-earth, as portrayed in his fantasy books The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Those places include many that ...

  3. J. R. R. Tolkien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien

    John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on 3 January 1892 in Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State (later annexed by the British Empire; now Free State Province in the Republic of South Africa), to Arthur Reuel Tolkien (1857–1896), an English bank manager, and his wife Mabel, née Suffield (1870–1904). The couple had left England when Arthur was ...

  4. A Map of Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth

    All maps of Middle-earth derive ultimately from J. R. R. Tolkien's own working maps, which he constantly annotated over the years, whether in English or in Elvish.He was unable to find the time to bring them into a presentable state in time for the publication of The Lord of the Rings.

  5. Geography of Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth

    Tolkien borrowed the Arthurian place-name Brocéliande for an early version of Beleriand. [29] 1868 illustration by Gustave Doré. Tolkien scholars including John Garth have traced many features of Middle-earth to literary sources or real-world places. Some places in Middle-earth can be more or less firmly associated with a single place in the ...

  6. The Atlas of Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlas_of_Middle-earth

    The Atlas of Middle-earth by Karen Wynn Fonstad is an atlas of J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional realm of Middle-earth. [1] [2] It was published in 1981, following Tolkien's major works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion.

  7. Tolkien and the classical world - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical...

    Tolkien stated that he wanted to create a mythology evocative of England, not of Italy. Scholars have noted aspects of his work, such as the plants of Ithilien, which are clearly Mediterranean but not specifically classical. Tolkien's fiction was brought to a new audience by Peter Jackson's film version of The Lord of the Rings.

  8. Outline of Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Middle-earth

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the real-world history and notable fictional elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy universe.It covers materials created by Tolkien; the works on his unpublished manuscripts, by his son Christopher Tolkien; and films, games and other media created by other people.

  9. J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_A_Biography

    J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, written by Humphrey Carpenter, was first published in 1977. It is called the "authorized biography" of J. R. R. Tolkien, creator of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. [1] It was first published in London by George Allen & Unwin, then in the United States by Houghton Mifflin Company. It has been reprinted many ...